Eficácia analgésica da associação de 30mg do fosfato de codeína com 500mg do paracetamol após exodontias de terceiros molares inferiores impactados / Analgesic efficacy of codeine phosphate 30mg association with paracetamol 500mg after extraction of impacted lower third molars

Avaliar a eficácia analgésica da associação de 30mg do fosfato de codeína com 500mg do paracetamol após exodontias de terceiros molares inferiores impactados. Foi realizado um estudo clínico bilateral com uma amostra de 47 pacientes. Em um dos lados, todos os pacientes receberam a dosagem de 30mg do fosfato de codeína em associação com 500mg do paracetamol após exodontia (grupo teste). Para a exodontia contralateral, foi disponibilizado outro frasco contendo cápsulas idênticas, porém com a dosagem de 500mg de paracetamol (grupo controle). 100% dos pacientes do grupo teste não necessitaram utilizar a medicação resgate e não consumiram doses adicionais da medicação após as cirurgias. No grupo controle, 44,7% dos participantes relataram o uso do medicamento resgate. O consumo total de comprimidos no grupo teste foi, em média, inferior quando comparados ao lado contralateral. 80,8% dos pacientes relataram maior conforto, quanto ao critério da dor, no lado em que foi utilizado a dosagem de 30mg de fosfato de codeína associado a 500mg de paracetamol. Os efeitos colaterais estiveram mais presentes no grupo teste, sendo mais comum o relato de sonolência (34%) e tontura (31,9%), não havendo relato de abandono desta medicação por nenhum dos pacientes. Concluímos que a dosagem de 30mg do fosfato de codeína associada a 500mg de paracetamol apresentou resultados favoráveis no controle da dor e uma baixa incidência de efeitos colaterais...

To assess the analgesic efficacy of regular dosage of codeine phosphate 30mg association with paracetamol 500mg after extraction of impacted lower third molars. We performed a bilateral clinical study analyzing a sample of 47 patients. All patients received a 30mg codeine phosphate dosage in combination with paracetamol 500mg after extraction (test group). For the contralateral tooth extraction, we had another bottle available containing identical capsules, with a 500mg paracetamol dosage (control group). 100% of the test group patients did not need to use rescue medication and did not consume additional doses of medication after surgeries. In the control group, 44.7% reported the use of rescue medication. Total consumption of pills in the test group was on average lower than the contralateral side. 80.8% of patients reported greater comfort, as the criterion of pain in the side that was used 30mg codeine phosphate dosage associated with paracetamol 500mg. The adverse effects were more present in the test group, with sleepiness being more common (34%) and dizziness (31.9%), without any patient medication abandonment. We conclude that the 30mg codeine phosphate dosage associated with paracetamol 500mg showed favorable results in controlling pain associated with a low incidence of side effects...

Effects of opioids on local anesthesia in the rat: a codeine and tramadol study

Opioids are central analgesics that act on the CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system). We investigated the effects of codeine (COD) and tramadol (TRAM) on local anesthesia of the sciatic nerve. Eighty Wistar male rats received the following SC injections in the popliteal fossa: local anesthetic with epinephrine (LA); local anesthetic without vasoconstrictor (LA WV); COD; TRAM; LA + COD; LA + TRAM; COD 20 minutes prior to LA (COD 20' + LA) or TRAM 20 minutes prior to LA (TRAM 20' + LA). As a nociceptive function, the blockade was considered the absence of a paw withdraw reflex. As a motor function, it was the absence of claudication. As a proprioceptive function, it was the absence of hopping and tactile responses. All data were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Opioids showed a significant increase in the level of anesthesia, and the blockade duration of LA + COD was greater than that of the remaining groups (p < 0.05). The associated use of opioids improved anesthesia efficacy. This could lead to a new perspective in controlling dental pain.

A Randomized, Open Label, Multicentre Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Cough Mixture CS1 (Pholcodeine and Promethazine - Tixylix) Versus CS2 (Noscapine, Ammonium Chloride, Sodium Citrate) in Treatment of Children with Dry Cough.

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of cough mixture containing pholcodeine and promethazine - Tixylix (CS1) to a cough mixture which has noscapine, ammonium chloride, and sodium citrate (CS2) as its constituents in treatment of children suffering from dry cough. A total of 208 patients were enrolled at 4 sites. Of these, 179 (94 receiving CS1 and 99 receiving CS2) completed the study. Results of this study suggest that both the cough mixtures were comparable as per evaluation of their primary parameters. According to global assessment for efficacy and tolerability by parents on Day 7, Group CS1 performed better than CS2. It was also observed that no AE was reported in Group CS1 as compared to 2 AEs in Group CS2. To conclude, cough mixture combination of pholcodeine and promethazine - Tixylix exhibited efficacy and safety that was comparable with cough mixture which has noscapine, ammonium chloride, and sodium citrate. It was proven to be efficacious, safe and well tolerated in the select population.

Comparison of antitussive effect of nigella sativa with codeine in guinea pig

The relaxant and anticholinergic [functional antagonism] effects, histamine H1 inhibitory effect, and calcium channel blocking effect of Nigella sativa have been demonstrated on guinea pig tracheal chains. Several therapeutic effects including antiasthma and dyspnea have also been ascribed to the seeds of Nigella sativa. To evaluate the antitussive effect of this plant. The antitussive effects of aerosols of two different concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts as well as an extract of concentrated boiled seeds, codeine, and saline were tested by counting the number of coughs produced 10 min after exposing animal to aerosols of different solutions of citric acid [n=7 for each solution]. The results showed significant reduction in the number of coughs obtained in the presence of both concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts, boiled seeds extract and codeine [p<0.05 to p<0.001]. The cough number induced in the presence of higher concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts were also significantly less than those with lower concentrations [p<0.05 for aqueous and p<0.01 for macerated extracts]. There was no significant difference between the number of coughs obtained in the presence of all extracts with that of codeine. These results indicate an antitussive effect of Nigella sativa comparable to that of codeine

Analgesic effect of codeine plus bromocriptine during simple teeth extraction and minor oral soft tissue surgery

Objective-In this study, the effect of codeine alone and in combination with D2 dopamine agonist bromocriptine in pain sensation during simple tooth extraction or minor oral soft tissue surgery has been examined. Method-Patients [121 male and 91 female] who were undergoing one of the above procedures, were included in this double-blind study. They were given randomly one of the following medications: Codeine [10-20 mg], bromocriptine [2.5-5 mg] in different combinations controlled by a placebo and a dental lidocaine cartridge group. The medication was given 20 minutes before the procedure and the patients subsequently recorded their pain intensity on a scale of 0-3. Results-ANOVA showed significant difference between placebo group and cases who received the combination of bromocriptine and codeine [with certain dosages], but the analgesic effect was significantly lower than the lidocaine group [p<0.05]. Discussion-Patients who received bromocriptine 5 mg plus codeine [10 or 20 mg] had a better effective response than those receiving either of the components alone or placebo. It appears that D2 activation potentiates the response induced by the opioid agonist codeine

Analgesia y sedación en el recién nacido / Analgesia and sedation in the newborn

Los recién nacidos suelen ser tratados como si no sintieran dolor. Sin embargo, existe certeza de que el recién nacido siente dolor y que por este motivo deben usarse analgésicos en ellos cuando son sometidos a procedimientos dolorosos. En esta revisión se describen algunos aspectos del desarrollo neurobiológico del dolor, la respuesta de los recién nacidos a él y la farmacología de varias drogas analgésicas y sedantes en estos niños